Preparation and characterization of ketorolac tromethamine-loaded ethyl cellulose micro-/nanospheres using different techniques

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Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2018

Pankaj Wagh, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra B. Naik

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders such as dysplasia of the hip, chronic arthritis, and spondylitis. Most common side effects arise due to use of NSAIDs are ulcer and gastrointestinal tract irritation (Jelen et al. 2008; Deshmukh and Naik 2014). Ketorolac tromethamine (KTC) is a potent analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug. Based on animal studies, it appears that KTC has relatively more pronounced analgesic activity than the other NSAIDs (Martindale 2005). Polymers are playing very important role in pharmaceutical areas, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Formulation of these polymers into suitable solid dosage forms plays significant role in safety, stability, and efficiency of the products. Ethyl cellulose (EC) is commonly used as a drug carrier in controlled drug delivery system (Montes et al. 2012). Ethyl cellulose is a hydrophobic polymer commonly used for the preparation of controlled release dosage form due to its wide range of practically applicable properties, such as low toxicity, good film forming ability, and relatively low cost (Song et al. 2005; Arias et al. 2007; Deshmukh and Naik 2014). The design of pharmaceutical preparations in nanoparticulate form is a new approach for oral drug delivery. Particle size and particle size distribution are critical constraints that regulate the rate of dissolution of the drug in the biological fluids (Tenorio et al. 2010).