High Speed Sinewave FOC Controller for EVO Limited

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An analogy for the difference between squarewave and sinewave is like pushing a bowling ball down the street. Sinewave uses a smooth constant push the whole way, while squarewave attempts to simulate the same forces but uses constant jabbing/nudging instead of an even “push”.

The loss of energy to sound (harmonic losses) in square wave controllers which is caused by the transitions between each of the 120 deg phase differences makes your regular cheap square wave controller less efficient.

Sinewave (or Field Oriented Control FOC) controllers are generally more expensive because it requires alot more computational power to output a sine waveform to drive the motor efficiently.

Square wave on the other hand is simple in its computation requiring just the 3 phase on/off signal to drive the motor in a time sequence.

Here is how it works for a square wave controlled motor as it moves through the revs:

Here are the pros and cons of a sinewave vs square wave controller:

So for workhorse controllers that require high efficiency in normal operations like cruising or slope climbing, sinewave FOC is the better option as they will not require such high power consumption.

Here is an actual demonstration of 2 equivalent electric scooter setups. 60V 100A output with a 60V 21Ah battery. The only difference is that one is equipped with a sinewave FOC controller and the other with a square wave punchy controller.

This is only a drag race test to see which controller would come out on top over 30m. You would expect the square wave punchy controller to be much faster off the blocks every time which is the case but the FOC controller always catches up within a short distance due to its efficiency.

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If you have any issues with the controller to motor connection, do follow these steps to configure your motor to your high speed controller especially if you experience the motor jerkiness or motor not moving.